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Scientific-Economic Article: Export Prices of Frozen Whole Chicken in the Global Market — An Examination of Brazil, the European Union, and Turkey Introduction Frozen Whole Chicken (HS Code: 020721) is one of the most important items in the global poultry meat trade. The export market for this product is influenced by factors such as feed costs, trade policies, sanitary standards, exchange rates, and demand in destination regions. This article examines the actual export prices of...Continue Reading

The Relationship Between Feed Consumption and Meat Production in Broiler Farms: Indicators, Empirical Evidence, and Practical Solutions (Focusing on Slaughter Weight of 1.2–1.8 kg) Abstract This article concisely and precisely addresses three key questions:(1) Which indicators quantify the relationship between feed consumed and meat produced,(2) What ranges for FCR and slaughter weight are indicated by scientific and field evidence, and(3) How a production unit should practically make decisions to achieve a justifiable and economical slaughter...Continue Reading

Operational Barter Methods with Neighbors 1) Government (Government-to-Government) Action: Design a “Legal Barter Framework” (laws and regulations) – formally define mechanisms, list permitted goods/services, and establish currency-equivalent calculation methods. Tool/Mechanism: Drafting legal statutes and executive bylaws. Action: Establish a “National Barter Brokerage” or “Unified Barter Window” (Clearing House) for transaction matching, issuing domestic credit documents, and non-cash settlement. Tool/Mechanism: Creating a centralized digital clearing platform. Action: Sign bilateral Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and sample Term...Continue Reading

Operational Barter Methods with Neighbors 1) Government (Government-to-Government) Action: Design a “Legal Barter Framework” (laws and regulations) – formally define mechanisms, list permitted goods/services, and establish currency-equivalent calculation methods. Tool/Mechanism: Drafting legal statutes and executive bylaws. Action: Establish a “National Barter Brokerage” or “Unified Barter Window” (Clearing House) for transaction matching, issuing domestic credit documents, and non-cash settlement. Tool/Mechanism: Creating a centralized digital clearing platform. Action: Sign bilateral Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) and sample Term...Continue Reading

Why should Iran’s pharmaceutical industry think about Dushanbe today? At a time when many Iranian pharmaceutical companies have their eyes fixed on distant markets, a close, familiar, and medicine-thirsty market stands right before us: Tajikistan, the Persian-speaking heart of Central Asia. A country with a growing population, limited pharmaceutical infrastructure, and heavy reliance on imports, sourcing over eighty percent of its consumed medicine from abroad. This means the market is still unformed, brands are not...Continue Reading